Abstract
An ART treatment cycle – comprising a basic sequence of ovarian stimulation, oocyte retrieval, embryo culture, and transfer – is, by conventional measures, a routine and comparatively safe medical intervention. The greatest risks from ART derive from the complications associated with multiple pregnancies. Yet, studies indicate that even a singleton pregnancy from ART confers greater health risks than that of natural conceptions. In this section, we review the established associations of ART to rare epigenetic disorders of imprinting. The biologic mechanisms through which epigenetic programming might be altered within the process of ART are examined. The still unknown long-term health associations of ART past 30 years are considered in the framework of emerging and increasing compelling evidence that environmental conditions during the early development are an important determinant of health during later adult years.
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