Arsenite induced sensitization and self-tolerance of Reuber H35 hepatoma cells.

Abstract

Our data show that a short incubation with arsenite (30-300 microM) induces a biphasic change in cellular sensitivity towards a second exposure to arsenite. A transient sensitization was followed by the development of self-tolerance. Sensitization was measured using the step-down protocol; i.e., application of a high dose of arsenite pretreatment (100 or 300 microM) followed immediately by incubation in a low dose of arsenite (1-30 microM), with extensive rinsing in between. Whereas no effect of 1 and 3 microM on cellular survival is observed without pretreatment, a large decrease in cell survival can be established when these low doses of arsenite are applied immediately after a 1 hr pretreatment with 100 or 300 microM arsenite. According to the step-down protocol, a high dose of toxic compounds is applied and is followed by prolonged incubation in a lower concentration of the initial toxic compound. This might be a more accurate model for studying the effects of toxic insults on cells and organisms in the manner in which they occur in their natural environment. The level of tolerance was determined by a 1 hr test treatment with 300 microM arsenite applied at different times after pretreatment. Using this fractionated treatment protocol, it was established that tolerance increases with the increasing time intervals between the sodium arsenite treatments, during the 6 hr studied. These observations suggest that sensitization gradually decreases, whereas tolerance develops. Furthermore, our data indicate that the condition of pretreatment determines the extent to which the early sensitivity increases, as well as the development of tolerance later on. A relatively high arsenite concentration leads to more sensitized cells, which are transformed into more tolerant cells in comparison with the effect of a lower arsenite concentration.