Arsenic Toxicological Importance in Air Pollution

Abstract

Air pollution is a global environmental concern that poses significant risks to human health. Among the various pollutants, arsenic (As) has gained considerable attention due to its widespread occurrence and severe toxicological effects. This review paper aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the sources, distribution, and toxicological importance of arsenic in the context of air pollution. Arsenic is a naturally occurring element and can be found in various forms, including inorganic and organic compounds. Industrial activities, combustion processes, mining, and agricultural practices are the major anthropogenic sources contributing to arsenic emissions in the atmosphere. Once released into the air, arsenic can undergo complex transformations and transport over long distances, leading to its widespread dispersion and potential exposure to human populations. The toxicological significance of arsenic lies in its ability to exert detrimental effects on multiple organ systems, including the respiratory, cardiovascular, immune, and nervous systems. Inhalation of arsenic-containing particulate matter can cause respiratory disorders such as asthma, bronchitis, and lung cancer. Moreover, chronic exposure to arsenic has been associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases, neurodevelopmental disorders, and various types of cancer. In conclusion, this review paper underscores the toxicological significance of arsenic in the context of air pollution. Understanding the sources, fate, and toxic effects of arsenic is crucial for developing effective preventive and control measures. Further research is warranted to elucidate the complex mechanisms underlying arsenic toxicity and to devise strategies to mitigate its adverse health impacts on exposed populations.