Abstract
A self-made PMIA asymmetric nanofiltration membrane was used for arsenic removal from drinking water by NF process. Effects of feed concentration, operating pressure, pH and existing ions on As(V) removal were investigated. Experimental results showed that As(V) rejection was higher than 90% in the range of investigated As feed concentrations. The As(V) rejection increased slightly with pressure increase, As(V) rejection was higher than 90% in the pressure range of 0.4 MPa to 0.8 MPa. As(V) rejection increased significantly from 83% at pH 3 to 99% at pH 9. The presence of NaCl enhanced As(V) rejection in the range of feed concentration, and As(V) rejection can reach up to 99% at a feed As concentration of 100 μg/L, whereas there was a rejection decrease of 8% in the presence of Na2SO4 at every feed concentration. The results showed the As(V) detected in the permeate was lower than the EPA recommended MCL up to a feed As concentration of approximately 10 μg/L in the experimental research range.
Highlights
Arsenic is one of several hazardous inorganic species that seriously threaten aquatic environments
The results showed the As(V) detected in the permeate was lower than the EPA recommended maximum contaminant level (MCL) up to a feed As concentration of approximately 10 μg/L in the experimental research range
As(V) rejection was higher than 90% in the range of investigated As feed concentrations
Summary
Arsenic is one of several hazardous inorganic species that seriously threaten aquatic environments. A new maximum contaminant level (MCL) standard of 10 μg/L arsenic in drinking water recommended by the WHO has been accepted both within the European Union and by the EPA in the USA [3,4,5]. Among conventional arsenic removal technologies mainly utilizing adsorption and coagulation processes, membrane processes have emerged as a promising new route for high quality water purification. These approaches have many advantages, including no requirement for the addition of chemical substances, easy increase of capacity, separation in the continuous mode and the possibility to join membrane processes with other unit processes [6,7,8,9]. The performance was examined with relation to arsenic rejection under changing operating conditions
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