Abstract
The prospection of cyanobacteria from tropical/subtropical ecosystems and from man-made environments has attracted attention as source of novel strains favoring studies on systematics, molecular/chemical prospection, physiology and biotechnology. Here, a deep characterization of abiotic variables of surface water and sediment samples collected from an Arsenic (As) contaminated region in a gold mining area was provided coupled with a complete morphological and phylogenetic evaluation of isolated cyanobacterial strains. Sediment samples presented higher As content than water samples, indicating As contamination as a result of mining activities. From the sediment samples, eight filamentous strains were isolated. These novel strains were placed into six distinct phylogenetic lineages, considering 16S rRNA sequences, from which two may correspond to novel genera. This is the first report of an Anagnostidinema strain from a brazilian environment as well as Desmonostoc and Kamptonema strains from As-impacted environment. In addition, Pseudanabaena strain displaying microcystin biosynthetic genes was also documented. The isolation and culturing of these novel cyanobacterial strains are not solely relevant for systematics, but it also represent a step further to better understand the role of cyanobacteria in the circulation of As in aquatic environments as well as for their application in As bioremediation.
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