Abstract
Thermodynamic characterization of linamarase (β-glucosidase)influenced by linamarin substrate purification, pH and temperature were investigated. In the study, recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells at the stationary phase of growth were recovered, homogenized and centrifuged to obtain crude extracts designated as GELIN0. Carboxy methyl cellulose, diethyl amino-ethyl-sephadex and diethyl amino-ethyl-cellulose were used to purify the crude extracts resulting in GELIN1, GELIN2 and GELIN3, respectively. Commercial native linamarase (CNLIN) was purchased and used as control. The ability of the GELIN extracts(β-glucosidase) and the commercial native linamarase (CNLIN) to hydrolyse cyanogenic glucosides was challenged using linamarin extracted from cassava as substrates. Degradation of linamarin was evaluated at optimum pH 6.8 using a 4 × 6 × 8 between and within factorial design comprising of 4 enzyme types (GELIN0, GELIN1, GELIN2 and GELIN3), and 6 temperatures (25, 27, 29, 31, 33, 35 oC, respectively) and 8 time intervals (0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 and 70 min.). Data obtained from residual hydrocyanic acid with time were fitted with zero, first and second order kinetics, respectively, to determine the best fit order (based on r2 and linearity). Arrhenius and absolute reaction rate models were applied to obtain activation energies (Ea), frequency factor (K0) and enthalpy (ΔH#), entropy (ΔS#), respectively, that characterized the reactions. The results indicated that the degradation of linamarin by GELIN at the optimum pH 6.8 was best described by first order kinetics, Arrhenius and absolute reaction rate models showing high coefficient of linear regression (r2>0.996) with reaction rate constant increasing from 0.0252 -0.0923 min-1 with enzyme purification ranging for GELIN0 – GELIN3. Frequency factor (Ko), Ea, ΔH# and ΔS# values decreased with enzyme purification. Activation energy (Ea) values for the degradation of linamarin (GELIN0 – GELIN3) ranged from 60.9 to 91.7 kJ/mol. Enthalpy values varied from 58 to 89 kJ/mol while ΔS# values varied from -92.8 to 4.1 J/mol. deg.) indicating spontaneous and irreversible degradation reactions which suggest a possible use of the purified linamarase (β-glucosidase) in detoxification process for foods containing linamarin.Keywords: purified linamarase, rate models, linamarin, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, cassava
Highlights
Previous studies (Canjura et al, 1991; Krug et al, 1976; Rhim et al, 1990) have shown that both activation enthalpy ( H#), entropy ( S#), energy (Ea) and frequency factor usually exhibited marked thermodynamics effect on degradation reactions in which increases in H# was accompanied by increase in S#
The degradation reactions are usually influenced by environmental conditions especially temperature with resultant thermodynamics relationships which can be useful for predictive purposes in controlled fermentation and degradation of toxic compounds in foods
Arrhenius and absolute reaction rate models can be applied for thermodynamic characterization of enzymes employed in controlled fermentation of foods containing cyanogenic glucosides
Summary
Previous studies (Canjura et al, 1991; Krug et al, 1976; Rhim et al, 1990) have shown that both activation enthalpy ( H#), entropy ( S#), energy (Ea) and frequency factor (ko) usually exhibited marked thermodynamics effect on degradation reactions in which increases in H# was accompanied by increase in S#. The degradation reactions are usually influenced by environmental conditions especially temperature with resultant thermodynamics relationships which can be useful for predictive purposes in controlled fermentation and degradation of toxic compounds in foods. Arrhenius and absolute reaction rate models can be applied for thermodynamic characterization of enzymes employed in controlled fermentation of foods containing cyanogenic glucosides. To test the validity of the Arrhenius and absolute reaction rate models for the characterization of enzymes such as linamarase used for the degradation of linamarin regression analysis, as described by Canjura et al, (1991).
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