Abstract
Sodium-ion batteries are a potentially low-cost and safe alternative to the prevailing lithium-ion battery technology. However, it is a great challenge to achieve fast charging and high power density for most sodium-ion electrodes because of the sluggish sodiation kinetics. Here we demonstrate a high-capacity and high-rate sodium-ion anode based on ultrathin layered tin(II) sulfide nanostructures, in which a maximized extrinsic pseudocapacitance contribution is identified and verified by kinetics analysis. The graphene foam supported tin(II) sulfide nanoarray anode delivers a high reversible capacity of ∼1,100 mAh g−1 at 30 mA g−1 and ∼420 mAh g−1 at 30 A g−1, which even outperforms its lithium-ion storage performance. The surface-dominated redox reaction rendered by our tailored ultrathin tin(II) sulfide nanostructures may also work in other layered materials for high-performance sodium-ion storage.
Highlights
Sodium-ion batteries are a potentially low-cost and safe alternative to the prevailing lithium-ion battery technology
The surface chemical-bonding state of graphene foam (GF)-SnS electrode is detected by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and presented in Supplementary Fig. 6
XPS results suggest that the SnS might be chemically bonded with the GF matrix besides physical deposition[19]
Summary
Sodium-ion batteries are a potentially low-cost and safe alternative to the prevailing lithium-ion battery technology. We demonstrate a high-capacity and high-rate sodium-ion anode based on ultrathin layered tin(II) sulfide nanostructures, in which a maximized extrinsic pseudocapacitance contribution is identified and verified by kinetics analysis. The graphene foam supported tin(II) sulfide nanoarray anode delivers a high reversible capacity of B1,100 mAh g À 1 at 30 mA g À 1 and B420 mAh g À 1 at 30 A g À 1, which even outperforms its lithium-ion storage performance. The surface-dominated redox reaction rendered by our tailored ultrathin tin(II) sulfide nanostructures may work in other layered materials for high-performance sodium-ion storage. 847 mAh g À 1, g À 1, Na3Sb: have severe volume expansion/contraction during the Na alloying/dealloying (B360 À 420%) (refs 8–10) To address this pulverization issue, one effective approach is to design integrated electrodes in which nanosized active materials are grafted to a secondary matrix[8,10]. Sulfides are typically more reversible than oxides due to relatively weaker
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