Aronia melanocarpa polysaccharide ameliorates inflammation and aging in mice by modulating the AMPK/SIRT1/NF-\u03baB signaling pathway and gut microbiota

Yingchun Zhao,Xinglong Liu,Chuanbo Ding,Yinan Zheng,Wencong Liu

doi:10.1038/s41598-021-00071-6

Yingchun Zhao, Xinglong Liu + Show 3 more

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https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-00071-6

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Journal: Scientific Reports	Publication Date: Oct 18, 2021
Citations: 36	License type: open-access

Affiliation: Jilin Agricultural University

Abstract

Aronia melanocarpa is a natural medicinal plant that has a variety of biological activities, its fruit is often used for food and medicine. Aronia melanocarpa polysaccharide (AMP) is the main component of the Aronia melanocarpa fruit. This research evaluated the delay and protection of AMP obtained from Aronia melanocarpa fruit on aging mice by d-Galactose (D-Gal) induction and explored the effect of supplementing AMP on the metabolism of the intestinal flora of aging mice. The aging model was established by intraperitoneal injection of D-Gal (200 mg/kg to 1000 mg/kg) once per 3 days for 12 weeks. AMP (100 and 200 mg/kg) was given daily by oral gavage after 6 weeks of D-Gal-induced. The results showed that AMP treatment significantly improved the spatial learning and memory impairment of aging mice determined by the eight-arm maze test. H&E staining showed that AMP significantly reversed brain tissue pathological damage and structural disorders. AMP alleviated inflammation and oxidative stress injury in aging brain tissue by regulating the AMPK/SIRT1/NF-κB and Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathways. Particularly, AMP reduced brain cell apoptosis and neurological deficits by activating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway and its downstream apoptotic protein family. Importantly, 16S rDNA analysis indicated the AMP treatment significantly retarded the aging process by improving the composition of intestinal flora and abundance of beneficial bacteria. In summary, this study found that AMP delayed brain aging in mice by inhibiting inflammation and regulating intestinal microbes, which providing the possibility for the amelioration and treatment of aging and related metabolic diseases.

Highlights

Aronia melanocarpa is a natural medicinal plant that has a variety of biological activities, its fruit is often used for food and medicine
We explored the mechanism of Aronia melanocarpa polysaccharide (AMP) on NLRP3 inflammasome by the Adenosine 5′-monophosphateactivated protein kinase (AMPK)/SIRT1/NF-κB signaling pathway
Purified polysaccharide was obtained by DEAE-52, and the monosaccharide composition showed that AMP was composed of Fuc (0.14%), Rha(0.73%), Ara (7.14%), Gal (10.61%), Glc (76.16%), Xyl (2.31%), Man (1.25%), Galacturonic acid (Gal-UA) (1.43%), Glc-UA (0.16%), and Mannuronic acid (Man-UA) (0.07%) (Fig. 1A,B)

Summary

Introduction

Aronia melanocarpa is a natural medicinal plant that has a variety of biological activities, its fruit is often used for food and medicine. AMP alleviated inflammation and oxidative stress injury in aging brain tissue by regulating the AMPK/SIRT1/NF-κB and Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathways. As an inevitable physiological process, aging causes gradual loss of body functions and results in many age-related diseases, including diabetes, cognitive impairment, cancer, liver injury, Parkinson’s disease and atherosclerosis[2,3]. Excessive D-Gal in the body can cause an accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the brain and inhibit the activities of antioxidant enzymes such as catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione (GSH)[17]. It can destroy the redox balance defense system and lead to oxidative stress injury[18,19]. Imbalance of the antioxidant defense system plays an important role in the process of a ging[21]; maintaining the maintaining the dynamic balance of redox may be a useful treatment approach to delay D-Gal-induced aging[22]

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