Abstract
AbstractThe isomer distribution in the sulfonation of toluene with 95.8% H2SO4 at 25° in the presence of some sulfonic acids and other addenda was determined. All the addenda studied effect a decrease in the degree of ortho‐substitution. Most effective are p‐t‐butylbenzenesulfonic acid, methyl trimethylphenylammonium sulfate and nitrobenzene. The effect of methanesulfonic acid is very small, that of water and of sodium bisulfate almost negligible. The degree of meta‐substitution is small and is unaffected by the addenda.The variations in the isomer distribution are discussed in terms of changes in the solvation of the reactants and of the transition states.
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