ArNOX activity of saliva as a non‐invasive measure of coenzyme Q10 response in human trials

Abstract

arNOX is a coenzyme Q10-inhibited, aging-related ECTO-NOX protein of the cell surface also present in sera. It is capable of superoxide generation measured as superoxide dismutase-inhibited reduction of ferricytochrome c and is a potential contributor to atherogenic risk. Here, we report an arNOX activity of saliva of older individuals also inhibited by coenzyme Q10. The activity first appears after age 30 to a near maximum at about age 55. Those surviving beyond age 55 usually have reduced arNOX activities. Our studies demonstrate significant (25 to 30%) reduction of arNOX levels with coenzyme Q10 supplementation of 60 mg (2 x 30 mg) per day for 28 days. Activity correlated with age. Response to coenzyme Q10 increased with age being greatest between ages 60 and 65. Saliva arNOX levels varied in a regular pattern throughout the day so it was important that samples be collected at approximately the same time each day for comparative purposes. The coenzyme Q10 response was reversible and within 12 h after the last intake of coenzyme Q10, the salivary arNOX levels returned to base line. The findings suggest that salivary arNOX provides a convenient and non-invasive method to monitor arNOX levels in clinical coenzyme Q10 intervention trials with the response levels paralleling those seen with serum and cellular arNOX.