Arnol′d′s second nonlinear stability theorem for general multilayer quasi-geostrophic model

Abstract

Arnol′d′s second nonlinear stability criterion for motions governed by a general multilayer quasi-geostrophic model is established. The model allows arbitrary density jumps and layer thickness, and at the top and the bottom of the fluid, the boundary condition is either free or rigid. The criterion is obtained by the establishment of the upper bounds of disturbance energy and potential enstrophy in terms of the initial disturbance field.