Abstract
The conflict that was started as a civil war in the Soviet Union turned into one of the longest, bloodiest post-Soviet conflicts. Armenia and Azerbaijan is fighting for Nagorno-Karabakh for over a century, have killed more than 300,000 people including military personnel and civilians. Geopolitical factors and ethnic differences between the two are the primary reasons of the dispute. Several mediating parties intervened and tried to bring a peaceful solution to the dispute, but due to the foreign interventions especially Russian and Turkish military support to the warring states have contributed to deteriorate the situation and also escalated the mistrust between Armenia and Azerbaijan. This research article examines the Armenia-Azerbaijan relations, historical background of Nagorno-Karabakh in detail along with the approach of international community towards it. It also evaluates its peace process and the performance of the main state and non-state actors. This article also has the timeline of clashes took place between Armenia and Azerbaijan over the occupation of Nagorno-Karabakh territory.
Highlights
The conflict Nagorno-Karabakh is seen as a delayed post-soviet conflict
Due to the international pressures and disappointments, Azerbaijan reserves the right to use war as a mean to free its territory from Armenia especially when it already tried to solve through peaceful methods
The dispute is mainly between Azerbaijan and Armenia who are claiming the ownership of the territory, but Russian and Turkish support to their respective allies play a major role in increasing and reducing the tension between the two according to their changing moods and interests
Summary
The conflict Nagorno-Karabakh is seen as a delayed post-soviet conflict. NagornoKarabakh is a disputed territory located in Lesser Caucuses Mountains. The parties that are fighting over it are Armenia and Azerbaijan since the collapse of Soviet Union 1991 It started three years later when both parties got their independence that makes it thirtyyear long conflict, killed around 300,000 and displaced a million within the region. (Human Rights Watch, 2021) The most recent conflict between the two broke out in September 7, 2020 initiated by Armenia It killed more than five thousand military personnel and inhabitants from both sides and hundreds were wounded. (Human Rights Watch, 2021) At that time, both concerned parties could not start a war against each other due to the Soviet leader Bolshevik’s strong hold over them, but in 1988, the Armenians residing over there demanded to merge their region with Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic Their demand was turned down by Soviet Union and Azerbaijan.
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