Abstract
The unusual configuration of body parts can cause illusions. For example, when tactile stimuli are delivered to crossed arms a reversal of subjective temporal ordering occurs. Our group has previously demonstrated that arm crossing without sensory stimuli causes activity changes in the left posterior parietal cortex (PPC) and an assessment of tactile temporal order judgments (TOJs) revealed a positive association between activity in this area, especially the left intraparietal sulcus (IPS), and the degree of the crossed-hand illusion. Thus, the present study investigated how the IPS actively relates to other cortical areas under arms-crossed and -uncrossed conditions by analyzing the functional connectivity of the IPS. Regions showing connectivity with the IPS overlapped with regions within the default mode network (DMN) but the IPS also showed connectivity with other brain areas, including the frontoparietal control network (FPCN). The right middle/inferior frontal gyrus (MFG/IFG), which is included in the FPCN, showed greater connectivity in the arms-crossed condition than in the arms-uncrossed condition. These findings suggest that there is state-dependent connectivity during arm crossing, and that the left IPS may play an important role during the spatio-temporal updating of arm positions.
Highlights
The unusual configuration of body parts can cause illusions
The results indicated functional connectivity between the left intraparietal sulcus (IPS) and the right middle frontal gyrus or inferior frontal gyrus (MFG/IFG) that exhibited an increase during arm crossing
The present study examined the functional connectivity between the left IPS and the rest of the brain during test epochs under an arms-crossed condition (Fig. 1) and an arms-uncrossed condition (Fig. 2)
Summary
The unusual configuration of body parts can cause illusions. For example, when tactile stimuli are delivered to crossed arms a reversal of subjective temporal ordering occurs. Our group has previously demonstrated that arm crossing without sensory stimuli causes activity changes in the left posterior parietal cortex (PPC) and an assessment of tactile temporal order judgments (TOJs) revealed a positive association between activity in this area, especially the left intraparietal sulcus (IPS), and the degree of the crossed-hand illusion. An assessment of tactile temporal order judgments (TOJs) in the same individuals during a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scan revealed a positive association between activity in this area and the degree of reversal/confusion in subjective temporal ordering due to arm crossing In this case, the strongest positive association with the reversal or confusion was observed in the left intraparietal sulcus (IPS)[9]. Buckner et al.[19] suggested that
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