Abstract
Expanding and controlling charging infrastructure is critical as electric vehicle (EV) technologies develop and costs decline. The unplanned size of electric vehicle charging stations (EVCS) may negatively impact grid reliability, energy costs, and the environment. This study analyzes the integration potential of solar photovoltaic (PV) into EVCSs, considering the time variations in EV charging demand and economic parameters. Results show that optimal PV capacities can reduce the self-consumption rate (SCR) up to 55% during the daytime peak and at high economic rates. On the contrary, during the midday and evening peaks, SCR decreased less by up to 13%. The highest interest and inflation rates were found to affect the levelized cost of energy (COE) by up to 21.23% during the daytime and midday peaks, while the lowest interest and inflation rate affected COE by up to 32% during the evening peak. From the outcome of this paper’s investigation, it is possible to conclude that the optimal sizing of EVCSs should simultaneously consider economic parameters and EV charging demand variability.
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