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Back to table of contents Previous article Next article LettersFull AccessAripiprazole Monotherapy-Related Gray-Matter Growth in a Patient With First-Episode Drug-Naïve Non-Psychotic Major Depressive DisorderChien-Han Lai, M.D.Chien-Han LaiDepartment of Psychiatry, Buddhist Tzu-Chi General Hospital, Taipei Branch, Taipei, TaiwanSearch for more papers by this author, M.D.Published Online:1 Jul 2012https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.neuropsych.11080198AboutSectionsPDF/EPUB ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InEmail To the Editor: Aripiprazole, a kind of D2 partial agonist antipsychotic, is approved for major depressive disorder (MDD) add-on therapy. It is believed to be related to its 5-HT1A partial agonist, 5-HT2C antagonist and 5-HT2A antagonist property. Here I want to present a case of first-episode drug-naïve nonpsychotic MDD with improvements of symptoms after 6-week treatment. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) structural analysis also revealed gray matter (GM) growth and brain volume (BV) increase within 6 weeks.Case ReportMiss L is a 47-year-old female patient with first-episode drug-naïve MDD for 1-2 months. No specific physical illness, psychotic features, past manic episodes, nonpsychiatric medication use and substance abuse were mentioned. The symptoms of typical depression were mentioned, such as distinct depressed mood, suicide ideation, lack of interest, lack of energy, psychomotor agitation and sleep disturbances [Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD): 32]. After visiting my clinic, she started to receive aripiprazole monotherapy as 2.5 mg/day and then the dose was titrated to 5 mg within 1 week without any significant side effects except mild headache and dizziness. No significant extrapyramidal side effects were mentioned. After 6 weeks of therapy, her MDD symptoms improved (HRSD: 13).Structural brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans were obtained with 3T Siemens version scanner housed at MR Center, National Yang Ming University. Scans with three-dimensional fast spoiled gradient-echo recovery (3D-FSPGR) T1W1 (TR 2530ms; TE 3.03ms; slice thickness=1mm (no gap);192slices; matrix = 224×256; field of view: 256mm; number of excitation=1) were performed at first visit and 6th week visit. Her body weight was 71.2 kg at baseline and 71.7 kg at 6th week. Structural MRI was preprocessed with Structural Image Evaluation, using Normalization, of Atrophy (SIENAX) function of FSL (FMRIB Software Library) to calculate single time point GM, WM, and BV after registering and normalizing to template. The brain morphology change was estimated by SIENA function to calculate percentage BV change (PBVC). After analyzing brain MRI structure by SIENAX, GM increased from 750145.59 to 790751.54 within 6 weeks and PBVC is 0.0352900, which suggested BV increase after aripiprazole treatment (Figure 1).FIGURE 1. BV Increased After Aripiprazole (5 mg/day) 6-week TherapyBlue color represented atrophy and red color represented growth of BV. A positive estimated PBVC value represented BV increase.DiscussionAccording to study of Frodl et al., MDD is associated with GM deficits over amygdala, hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, and anterior cingulate cortex.1 These regional GM deficits are related to their symptoms severity and even represent a kind of “trait marker” for MDD.2 GM growth effects might be related to the following reasons, such as synaptic remodeling and neurogenesis3 from the stimulation of neutrophic factors by antipsychotics,4 prevention of oxidative stress or 6-OH-dopamine lesioning and with subsequent increased glial cell proliferation in frontal cortex.5Department of Psychiatry, Buddhist Tzu-Chi General Hospital, Taipei Branch, Taipei, TaiwanThis case study was approved by the institute of review board of Buddhist Tzu Chi Hospital, Taipei Branch. The author thanks Miss Wang (MR Center, National Yang Ming University) for MRI acquisition help and technique assistance and also acknowledges MR support from National Yang-Ming University, Taiwan, which is in part supported by the MOE plan for the top university.References1 Frodl TS, Koutsouleris N, Bottlender R, et al.: Depression-related variation in brain morphology over 3 years: effects of stress? Arch Gen Psychiatry 2008; 65:1156–1165Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar2 Lai CH, Hsu YY, Wu YT: First episode drug-naïve major depressive disorder with panic disorder: gray matter deficits in limbic and default network structures. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2010; 20:676–682Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar3 Konradi C, Heckers S: Antipsychotic drugs and neuroplasticity: insights into the treatment and neurobiology of schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry 2001; 50:729–742Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar4 Parikh V, Khan MM, Mahadik SP: Olanzapine counteracts reduction of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and TrkB receptors in rat hippocampus produced by haloperidol. Neurosci Lett 2004; 356:135–139Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar5 Wang HD, Dunnavant FD, Jarman T, et al.: Effects of antipsychotic drugs on neurogenesis in the forebrain of the adult rat. Neuropsychopharmacology 2004; 29:1230–1238Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar FiguresReferencesCited byDetailsCited ByPsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, Vol. 72, No. 5Gray matter increases in fronto-parietal regions of depression patients with aripiprazole monotherapyMedicine, Vol. 95, No. 34 Volume 24Issue 3 Summer 2012Pages E49-E50 Metrics PDF download History Published online 1 July 2012 Published in print 1 July 2012

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