Aridibacter famidurans gen. nov., sp. nov. and Aridibacter kavangonensis sp. nov., two novel members of subdivision 4 of the Acidobacteria isolated from semiarid savannah soil

Abstract

Acidobacteria constitute an abundant fraction of the soil microbial community and are currently divided into 26 subdivisions. Most cultivated members of the Acidobacteria are affiliated with subdivision 1, while only a few representatives of subdivisions 3, 4, 8, 10 and 23 have been isolated and described so far. Two novel isolates of subdivision 4 of the Acidobacteria were isolated from subtropical savannah soils and are characterized in the present work. Cells of strains A22_HD_4H(T) and Ac_23_E3(T) were immotile rods that divided by binary fission. Colonies were pink and white, respectively. The novel strains A22_HD_4H(T) and Ac_23_E3(T) were aerobic mesophiles with a broad range of tolerance towards pH (4.0-9.5 and 3.5-10.0, respectively) and temperature (15-44 and 12-47 °C, respectively). Both showed chemo-organoheterotrophic growth on some sugars, the amino sugar N-acetylgalactosamine, a few amino acids, organic acids and various complex protein substrates. Major fatty acids of A22_HD_4H(T) and Ac_23_E3(T) were iso-C(15 : 0), summed feature 1 (C(13 : 0) 3-OH/iso-C(15 : 1) H), summed feature 3 (C(16 : 1)ω7c/C(16 : 1)ω6c) and anteiso-C(17 : 0). The major quinone was MK-8; in addition, MK-7 occurred in small amounts. The DNA G+C contents of A22_HD_4H(T) and Ac_23_E3(T) were 53.2 and 52.6 mol%, respectively. The closest described relative was Blastocatella fastidiosa A2-16(T), with 16S rRNA gene sequence identity of 93.2 and 93.3%, respectively. Strains A22_HD_4H(T) and Ac_23_E3(T) displayed 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 97.4% to each other. On the basis of the low DNA-DNA hybridization value, the two isolates represent different species. Based on morphological, physiological and molecular characteristics, the new genus Aridibacter gen. nov. is proposed, with two novel species, the type species Aridibacter famidurans sp. nov. (type strain A22_HD_4H(T) = DSM 26555(T) = LMG 27985(T)) and a second species, Aridibacter kavangonensis sp. nov. (type strain Ac_23_E3(T) = DSM 26558(T) = LMG 27597(T)).