Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the major cause of kidney malignancy-related deaths. Rho GTPases are key regulators in cancer cell metastasis. ARHGAP24, a Rac-specific member of the Rho GTPase-activating protein family, acts as a functional target of cancer cell migration and invasion. In the present study, we identified ARHGAP24 expression is downregulated in renal cancer tissues and is highly correlated with long-term survival in RCC patients. Therefore, we investigated the biological functions of ARHGAP24 in renal cancer cells. Ectopic expression of ARHGAP24 resulted in inhibited cell proliferation and arrested cell cycle in two renal cancer cell lines (786-0 and Caki-2); the results were confirmed by ARHGAP24 knocking down. In addition, ARHGAP24 significantly reduced the cell invasion ability and induced apoptosis in renal cancer cells. In addition, overexpressing ARHGAP24 impaired tumor formation in vivo. In summary, our results illustrated that ARHGAP24 plays a unique role in RCC progression as a tumor repressor.
Highlights
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has the highest death rate among solid urological tumors [1, 2]
We found that ARHGAP24 mRNA is dramatically decreased in renal tumor tissues (Figure 1A)
ARHGAP24 is abundant in normal tissues and the expression is significantly reduced in tumor tissues both at transcription and translation levels (Figure 1C)
Summary
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has the highest death rate among solid urological tumors [1, 2]. It has been reported that the number of patients with RCC has been increasing at a continuous and rapid rate recently [3, 4]. This tumor has become the 10th most common in men and the 14th most common in women [5]. Diagnostic technology has revolutionized in recent years, RCC patients have been diagnosed at the early stages, which enables the appropriate clinical interventions in time. Therapeutic treatment for early RCC, including surgical approaches, has improved RCC prognosis. A better understanding of the molecular mechanism in RCC metastasis will improve diagnostic classification and shed light on therapeutic approaches
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