Abstract
Background: The treatment of the surface of titanium implants with argon plasma improved its hydrophilicity and cell adhesion, resulting in higher bone apposition on implant and graft surfaces. The spontaneous perforation over time of the sinus mucosa after sinus augmentation has been documented in experimental studies at both implants and graft particles. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of plasma argon treatment of the implant surface on bone apposition and on the rate of sinus mucosa perforations. Methods: A sinus lifting procedure was performed bilaterally in sixteen rabbits, and implants, either treated with argon plasma or left without treatment (control), were placed simultaneously without grafts. After 8 weeks, histological analyses were carried out. Results: A collapse of the sinus mucosa was observed at all implants. Twenty-four out of thirty-two implants presented sinus mucosa perforations at the apex. Several perforations were also found at the threads. Thinned mucosa sites (width < 40 µm) were found around almost all implants. About 2.6–2.9 mm of the apical regions of the implant did not present signs of osseointegration and about 1.3 mm were exposed to the sinus cavity. No statistically significant differences were found between plasma and control sites. Conclusions: In conclusion, the sinus mucosa was damaged and perforated by direct contact with treated and non-treated implant surfaces. The treatment of the implant surface with argon plasma did not affect the outcomes.
Highlights
Maxillary sinus floor elevation is often used to increase bone volume in the posterior atrophic region of the maxilla, aiming to allow the placement of implants
Gaining a high predictability of that treatment is essential for an accurate assessment of a cone beam computed tomography (CBCT), aiming to identify the relevant anatomical parameters [3,4,5,6] and the presence of septa or sinus pathologies [7,8]
The primary stability was secured by the cortical layer of the nasal bone
Summary
Maxillary sinus floor elevation is often used to increase bone volume in the posterior atrophic region of the maxilla, aiming to allow the placement of implants. Gaining a high predictability of that treatment is essential for an accurate assessment of a cone beam computed tomography (CBCT), aiming to identify the relevant anatomical parameters [3,4,5,6] and the presence of septa or sinus pathologies [7,8]. It is well known that the subantral space volume created after sinus mucosa elevation will be lost over time [11,12] if no additional measures are taken, such as the placement of biomaterials [13], devices [14,15,16,17] or implants [18,19,20,21,22]
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