Arginine supplementation improves reproductive performance, antioxidant status, immunity and maternal antibody transmission in breeder Japanese quail under heat stress conditions

Abstract

This study was conducted to determine the effects of arginine (Arg) supplementation on reproductive performance, immune response and antioxidant status in breeder quails reared under heat stress (HS). A total of 125 breeder quails were divided into five groups. One group was kept in an environmentally controlled room (22 °C) and considered as thermoneutral and four groups were kept at 34 °C and fed a basal diet or a basal diet supplemented with Arg concentrations 1.15, 1.30 and 1.45 times the quail requirements per NRC recommendation. HS decreased performance in birds fed basal diet (p < .05) compared with thermoneutral group. Higher feed intake and egg production, and improved feed efficiency and Hugh unit variables occurred in Arg supplemented groups (p < .05). Birds receiving Arg under HS had higher maternal serum IgG, egg yolk IgY and offspring serum IgG (mg/ml) indicating that the Arg in the diets significantly influenced the immune response of birds. Also, improved in humoral and cell-mediated immune responses occurred in Arg supplemented groups. Quails receiving the Arg supplemented diets exhibited higher (p < .05) plasma and liver activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase as well as lower (p < .05) plasma and liver levels of malondialdehyde compared with the HS group fed the basal diet. Our results show that dietary supplementation with Arg could improve the performance of breeder quails under HS by reducing the negative effects of HS, thus could be considered as a nutritional strategy to alleviate the adverse effects of HS. HIGHLIGHTS Heat stress could negatively impact on reproductive performance, antioxidant status, immunity and maternal antibody transmission in breeder quails. Arginine can be used as feed additive for the alleviation of the adverse effects caused by HS in breeder quails. The Arg requirement determined by NRC (1994) is for laying quails and this may be insufficient for supporting the reproductive performance and hatchability in breeder quails.