Abstract
Arginase 2 (ARG2) is a manganese metalloenzyme involved in several tissue specific processes, from physiology to pathophysiology. It is variably expressed in extra-hepatic tissues and is located in the mitochondria. In human pancreatic beta cells, ARG2 is downregulated in type 2 diabetes. The enzyme regulates the synthesis of polyamines, that are involved in pancreas development and regulation of beta cell function. Here, we discuss several features of ARG2 and polyamines, which can be relevant to the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes.
Highlights
Arginase is a manganese metalloenzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of L-arginine to L-ornithine and urea
We focus on the presence and possible role of Arginase 2 (ARG2) and polyamines in human pancreatic beta cells, which may be relevant to the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes (T2D)
In addition to the conshowed that the culture of mouse islets in 16.7 mM glucose concentration for 48 h prevented version pathway, a catabolic branch of polyamine metabolism exists, in which the enzyme spermidine content decrease occurring after the islet isolation procedure and increased the diamine oxidase (DAO) catalyzes the polyamine oxidative deamination [38]
Summary
Arginase is a manganese metalloenzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of L-arginine to L-ornithine and urea. ARG1 is mainly expressed in hepatocytes, where it participates in the urea cycle, and is located in the cytosol [3]. ARG2 is expressed at different levels in extra-hepatic tissues, and is located in the mitochondria [4], where it converts. The enzyme plays a role in nitric oxide and polyamine metabolism, which are involved in a variety of distinct physiological processes [5]. There has been a surge of publications linking arginase to various aspects of health, including metabolic processes [5] and the immune system [6–8]. Investigations of this enzyme have offered new perspectives on ad hoc designed therapeutic strategies [9–11]. We focus on the presence and possible role of ARG2 and polyamines in human pancreatic beta cells, which may be relevant to the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes (T2D)
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