Abstract
The recent trend of network softwarization suggests a radical shift in the implementation of traditional network intelligence. In Software Defined Networking (SDN), for instance, the control plane functions of forwarding devices are outsourced to the controller. Softwarized network components are expected to provide uninterrupted service during long periods of time, which makes them prone to the effects of <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">software aging</i> , a phenomena that has been observed in operational software systems where the failure rate increases or the performance of the software degrades with the elapsed time since the last restart. The effects of software aging in operational networks are typically mitigated by <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">software rejuvenation</i> , i.e., planned restarts cleaning the internal system state in order to prevent or postpone aging-related failures. This article presents <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ARES</i> , a three-step methodological framework for the management of the effects of software aging in softwarized networks, applied to the case study of open source SDN orchestration platforms. Using ARES, we demonstrate that software aging is a systematic problem that cannot be neglected in network orchestration systems. It stems not only from aging-related bugs and natural aging due to fragmentation, but also from design choices, e.g., when implementing distributed systems. Measurements for Open Network Operating System (ONOS) and OpenDaylight (ODL) demonstrate how “simple” and common networking tasks let network performance degrade rapidly and even lead to crashes: for instance, adding and removing 300 intents per second in ONOS significantly increases the response time by 50% per day and depletes the memory at the rate of 18GB per day. Moreover, we demonstrate a first rejuvenation approach that can mitigate the effects of aging in ONOS.
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