Abstract
Rate studies of the lithiation of benzene and related alkoxy-substituted aromatics by n-BuLi/TMEDA mixtures implicate similar mechanisms in which the proton transfers are rate limiting with transition structures of stoichiometry [(n-BuLi)2(TMEDA)2(Ar−H)]⧧ (Ar−H = benzene, C6H5OCH3, m-C6H4(OCH3)2, C6H5OCH2OCH3, and C6H5OCH2CH2N(CH3)2). Cooperative substituent effects and an apparent importance of inductive effects suggest a mechanism in which alkoxy−lithium interactions are minor or nonexistent in the rate-limiting transition structures. Supported by ab initio calculations, transition structures based upon triple ions of general structure [(n-Bu)2Li]-//+Li(TMEDA)2 are discussed.
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