Area and power efficient post-quantum cryptosystem for IoT resource-constrained devices

Abstract

Internet of Things (IoT) connects a myriad of small devices over a huge network, encompassing many different and varied applications and environments. As the IoT network continues to grow, providing end-to-end security over IoT is becoming a paramount issue. To mitigate existing and future security risks within IoT, two important factors should be considered. First, some resource-constrained edge devices have an insufficient area to contain the security part. Second, the advent of quantum computers threatens the security of current public-key cryptography algorithms. In response to these challenges, lattice-based cryptography (LBC) has emerged as a promising technique for IoT security in the quantum era. The feasibility of LBC integration onto resource-constrained devices has been demonstrated in previous research. Multiplication is the main operation in Ring-BinLWE, a type of LBC. In this paper, a new multiplication method is proposed, which is called In-place modular Reduction and anti-circular Rotation Column-based Multiplication (In-place Rot-Col-Mul), and new Ring-BinLWE architecture is designed. In-place Rot-Col-Mul performs a column-based multiplication in which one rotation is executed per cycle. The design was implemented on TSMC-65nm technology and FPGA platforms. ASIC implementation results show a respective improvement in power and area over the state-of-the-art design by 48.42% and 57.8%, respectively.