Abstract
The classical Zanstra method compares a H Balmer line or He II λ4686 with flux from a limited region of the planetary nuclear (PNN) spectrum to obtain the central star temperature T(PNN). Long ago it was found that generally T(He II) > T(H I), a result attributed to differing optical depths at the Lyman limits of He II and H I; T(He II) often was regarded as the “real” temperature. Much attention has been paid to discordances between Zanstra temperatures and those found by other means, such as the energy-balance (EB) method. (see e.g., Preite-Martinez and Pottasch 1984).
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