Are We Able to Prevent Death Due to Postinfarction Cardiac Rupture by Early Diagnosis and Surgical Treatment?

Abstract

Death from postinfarction cardiac rupture (PCR) may occur in two ways. There are patients who die suddenly without symptoms or with symptoms of less than an hour's duration (sudden cardiac death), whereas other patients die several hours after the onset of the rupture. Ninety-six patients who died from AMI and underwent autopsy have been studied. Sixteen patients displayed a rupture of the free wall of the left ventricle at the site of infarction, cardiac hypertrophy and severe coronary alterations. Six of these patients were included among patients who died suddenly. The other 10 showed signs before death that occurred from 240 to 660 min after their appearance. Signs of impending rupture were appearance or increase of chest pain that was not improved by opiates, preterminal sinus rhythm with an unchanged ST-segment and echocardiographic infarct expansion or pericardial effusion. We propose that the emergence of these signs during AMI suggests an impending rupture. Early surgical intervention is essential to save those patients who survive several hours after the initial signs of PCR.