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Abstract
This study employed a discrete choice framework to explore cooking energy use patterns amongst urban Rwandan households using the latest EICV 5 microeconomic survey dataset. Specific analysis focused on choices for three primary cooking fuels namely: firewood, charcoal and liquidified petroleum gas. The findings show that ordered model provided better prediction for primary fuel choices rather than the secondary choices for multiple fuel users with income as a key determinant. Furthermore, asset index, house ownership, geographical location, number of rooms, household size and household head labor market participation were some of the non-price factors that significantly affected the choice probability for using charcoal as transitional fuel and liquidified petroleum gas as a modern fuel in Rwandan country context. Robustness test of the results emphasizes the need for government in collaboration with modern energy suppliers to have clean energy use campaigns and do market segmentation through repackaging of smaller gas cylinders so that many low- and middle-income households become aware and use modern energy services. This is essential to ensure good prospect of energy transition for the developing country case context amidst urbanization and climate change.Keywords: Energy; Households; Urban; Rwanda; FuelJEL Classifications: D12, O12, Q420DOI: https://doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.10735
Highlights
Most governments and development practitioners are deeply concerned with heavy use of traditional fuels closely linked to indoor pollution, environmental degradation, and high opportunity cost for women and children that eventually affect household wellbeing in general (IRENA, 2019)
This research study presents findings from an ordered logit regression analysis on fuel choices and patterns of cooking fuels in urban Rwandan households using from EICV5 survey dataset
The study examined the choice probability of a household from selecting cooking fuel whilst taking into consideration of socio-economic status and other household characteristics plus regional differences
Summary
Most governments and development practitioners are deeply concerned with heavy use of traditional fuels closely linked to indoor pollution, environmental degradation, and high opportunity cost for women and children that eventually affect household wellbeing in general (IRENA, 2019). What is prevalent in all definitions of the energy poverty is that it depicts a situation whereby there are insufficient choice sets of getting adequate access to sustainable modern energy services and products (IRENA, 2019). It is estimated that 2.5 billion people depend on solid fuel from traditional biomass fuels such as crop residues and firewood for cooking and heating which are associated with indirect adverse health effects (Buba et al, 2017). This number is projected to reach 2.7 billion by 2030 implying that depletion of forest and environmental degradation might be inevitable if proper and timely policy measures are sluggish (IEA, 2006). Promotion of clean energy technologies is vital to facilitate energy transition in order to improve accessibility and utilization of modern energy services to reduce state of energy deprivation (Morrissey, 2017; Bhattacharyya, 2012)
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