Are There Schizophrenia Genetic Markers and Mutations? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses

Maria Auxiliadora Brasil Sampaio Cardoso,Modesto Leite Rolim Neto,Gabriel Pereira Bernardo,David De Sousa Gregório,Tárcia Januário Do Nascimento,Danilo Ferreira De Sousa,Lorena Pereira Bernardo,Lídia Coelho Do Nascimento Santos,Marcial Moreno Moreira,Maria Mirelle Ferreira Leite Barbosa,Pedro Januário Nascimento Neto,Antonio Gilvan Teixeira Júnior,Marcos Antonio Pereira De Lima

doi:10.4236/health.2017.95058

Abstract

Background: Schizophrenia is a severe psychiatric disorder with a complex genetic factor determining its disease onset. Nevertheless, it is not clear in this mental disorder. Objective: To conduct a systematic review of articles regarding the genetic markers and mutations in schizophrenia. Methods: A systematic review of articles on genetic markers and mutations in schizophrenia, published from January 1, 2011, to September 7, 2015, on SCOPUS database was carried out. Search terms were “Genetic markers”, “Mutation”, and “Schizophrenia”. Results: Of the 527 retrieved studies, 31 met the eligibility criteria. Genetic polymorphism, Immune-associated genes, TCF4 and ZNF804A association with microRNA, Neuregulin gene, Chromosome 13q32 and 11p15.4, genes involved in glutamatergic via schizophrenia and brain structure, appeared to be associated with the origin of schizophrenia. Conclusion: Some studies show genes involved in several pathways leading to the disease pathogenesis such as that one related with the dopaminergic and immune system, or rare alleles. Some genes present no involvement in the etiology of this mental disorder. These findings clarify the genetic complexity of schizophrenia and affirm that together, the genes have an overall effect greater than the sum of the individual effect of each gene.

Highlights

Schizophrenia (MIM 181500) is a complex disease that has a lifetime risk of approximately 1% and is characterized by delusions, hallucinations, altered cognition, emotional reactivity and disorganized behavior
To better analyze the data, the following stage involved the comparison between the articles and the division of the results obtained from the Reading of each one of them in eight categories: GENETIC POLYMORPHISM
Ankyrin kinase domain containing 1 gene (ANKK1), DRD3, GRIK1); IMMUNE-ASSOCIATED GENES (NKAPL, PGBD1, reticuloendotheliosis viral oncogene homolog A (RELA)), TCF4 and ZNF804A; ASSOCIATION WITH MICRORNA; NEUREGULIN GENE (NRG1, ERBB4); CHROMOSSOME 13q32 and 11p15.4; GENES INVOLVED IN GLUTAMATERGIC VIA (PTPN5 gene, GRIN2B, GRIK1, GRIK2, GRIA2, dystrobrevin-binding protein 1 (DTNBP1) gene, FXYD6); SCHIZOPHRENIA AND

Summary

Introduction

Schizophrenia (MIM 181500) is a complex disease that has a lifetime risk of approximately 1% and is characterized by delusions, hallucinations, altered cognition, emotional reactivity and disorganized behavior. There is compelling evidence that abnormal brain development and disturbed neuroplasticity are major factors in schizophrenia (SCZ) pathology [1] [2] [3] [13]. Schizophrenia is a severe psychiatric disorder with a complex genetic factor determining its disease onset. It is not clear in this mental disorder. Conclusion: Some studies show genes involved in several pathways leading to the disease pathogenesis such as that one related with the dopaminergic and immune system, or rare alleles. Some genes present no involvement in the etiology of this mental disorder These findings clarify the genetic complexity of schizophrenia and affirm that together, the genes have an overall effect greater than the sum of the individual effect of each gene

Objectives

Methods

Results

Discussion

Conclusion