Abstract
In addition to the contributions and relevance of entrepreneurship activities to economic growth and development of countries, various factors have equally been advanced as responsible for the success stories of entrepreneurship sustainability worldwide. However, the influence of success factors on gender ownership of entrepreneurship activities is a relatively new aspect in the field of research that has not gained much academic attention in the literature especially in South Africa. This debate is so important in the face of the various agitations for equal participation of women and the inconclusive debate that women are better managers of business enterprises. In this article, using the Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) technique, we examined the extent to which sustainable entrepreneurship indicators (finance, social and environmental) account for any disparity in gender ownership and management of business enterprises in South Africa. A stratified sampling method was adopted for the survey. Our analytical technique (MANOVA) created a new summary dependent variable, which is a linear combination of each of our original dependent variables. Confidence intervals of 95% and margins of error (3%) were used to validate the results. Findings indicate that the only difference that exists as per gender ownership disparity is around financial resources. There is therefore a need to realign programmes and policies to reduce this gendered inequality.
Highlights
In as much as resources are available to both men and women to start their businesses, women entrepreneurs still perform low compared to their male counterparts when measured by job creation, returns, sales turnover and sales revenues (Losccoco, Kary & Leicht 1993)
There is no existing study on South Africa that examined the effects of finance, social and environmental success factors on entrepreneurship management as well as ownership and sustainability in terms of gender disparity
While it is evident that much had been researched on entrepreneurship as an important means to economic growth, poverty reduction, employment generation; the gender disparity in terms of business ownership and management with finance, social and environment as success factors to entrepreneurship sustainability is still a missing gap
Summary
In as much as resources are available to both men and women to start their businesses, women entrepreneurs still perform low compared to their male counterparts when measured by job creation, returns, sales turnover and sales revenues (Losccoco, Kary & Leicht 1993). The role of the household in society for both developed and developing countries indicate that some factors affect the performance of women-owned and men-owned small businesses Such studies comparing the performance of female-owned and male owned small firms in developing countries are limited, especially in the context of South Africa. There is no existing study on South Africa that examined the effects of finance, social and environmental success factors on entrepreneurship management as well as ownership and sustainability in terms of gender disparity. While it is evident that much had been researched on entrepreneurship as an important means to economic growth, poverty reduction, employment generation; the gender disparity in terms of business ownership and management with finance, social and environment as success factors to entrepreneurship sustainability is still a missing gap
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