Abstract
Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) and AmpC beta-lactamase (AmpC) producing Enterobacteriaceae occur frequently in livestock animals and the subsequent stages of the meat production chain and are therefore considered a risk for human health. Strict biosecurity measures and optimal farm management should reduce or even prevent poultry flock colonization at farm level. This review summarizes and evaluates published information on the effectiveness of specific intervention measures and farm management factors aiming to reduce the occurrence and spread of ESBL/AmpC producing or commensal or pathogenic E. coli in broiler chicken farms. In this systematic literature review, a total of 643 publications were analyzed, and 14 studies with significant outcome about the effectiveness of specific measures against E. coli and ESBL/AmpC producing E. coli in broiler chicken farms were found. Different feed additives seem to have an impact on the occurrence of those microorganisms. The measures ‘cleaning and disinfection’ and ‘competitive exclusion’ showed strong effects in prevention in some studies. In summary, some intervention measures showed potential to protect against or eliminate ESBL/AmpC-producing, commensal or pathogenic E. coli at farm level. Due to the high variability in the outcome of the studies, more specific, detailed investigations are needed to assess the potential of the individual intervention measures.
Highlights
The World Health Organization (WHO) has declared antibiotic resistance to be one of the biggest threats to global health, food-security, and development [1]
We searched for studies investigating Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)/AmpC-producing Escherichia coli in poultry or broiler or chicken or layer but did not exclude studies about commensal or pathogenic E. coli
The occurrence of ESBL/AmpC producing E. coli in broiler meat is possessed as a risk for human health, as the transmission to humans is largely confirmed [64,65] and may lead to difficulties in the treatment of diseases [66]
Summary
The World Health Organization (WHO) has declared antibiotic resistance to be one of the biggest threats to global health, food-security, and development [1]. One of the most widespread resistance mechanisms of bacteria is the enzymatic inactivation of antibiotics by beta-lactamases. The beta-lactam ring of the antibiotics is hydrolyzed, and the irreversible blockade of the enzyme essential for the cell wall synthesis of these bacteria is prevented. The occurrence of ESBL-producers and AmpC-producers in Enterobacteriaceae like Escherichia coli has increased. They were frequently detected in livestock, companion, and wildlife animals [2,3], in humans, vegetables and broilers [4,5]. The possible transmission to humans may occur via direct contact with animals or the environment, or via the consumption of contaminated food [5,12,13]
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