Abstract
Recent studies have suggested that spermicide exposure around conception may cause congenital malformations, reduced birth weight, or spontaneous abortion. This large, prospective study examined the risk for multiple malformations, patterns of malformations, low birth weight, preterm delivery, and spontaneous abortion in infants whose mothers used spermicides only before or after their last menstrual period, compared with a control group using other contraceptive methods. The multiple malformation rates in women using spermicides only before or after their last menstrual period were 3.8 and 4.8 per thousand, respectively. For the control groups, the corresponding rates were 5.4 and 6.4 (not significant). No pattern of malformations was found in spermicide-exposed infants. The risk of preterm delivery, the risk for producing a low-birth-weight (
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