Are the results of patient reported outcome measures after spine surgery influenced by recall of preoperative scores? A randomized controlled trial

Abstract

BACKGROUND CONTEXTPatient reported outcome measures (PROMs) are of utmost importance to clinical practice as they permit a patient-focused evaluation of surgical outcomes. However, recall bias can limit an adequate interpretation of PROMs. PURPOSETo assess the impact of recall bias of preoperative status on postoperative PROMs of patients submitted to surgery due to degenerative spine disease. STUDY DESIGN / SETTINGRandomized controlled trial in a tertiary care neurosurgical unit in Portugal PATIENT SAMPLEAll patients submitted to surgery at our institution from January 2019 to April 2020 due to degenerative lumbar or cervical spine disease with valid PROMs questionnaires were enrolled, and 2 computer generated randomized groups were created. OUTCOME MEASURESThe study´s primary endpoint was the median postoperative Core Outcome Measure Index (COMI) score. METHODSThe intervention group was sent postoperative questionnaires including preoperative answers, while patients in the control group were sent the same PROMs without the preoperative answers. RESULTSRandomization was applied to 236 patients (118 for each group) and valid results were obtained for 147 patients (81 lumbar, 44 from the intervention group; and 66 cervical, 29 from the intervention group), from which 88 (60%) were females, with a median age of 58 years.Both groups shared similar baseline clinical characteristics and preoperative scores. Median postoperative COMI scores and interquartile ranges (IQR) were 4.20 (IQR: 2.30–6.00) and 5.45 (IQR: 3.75–7.40) for the intervention and control groups, respectively (Wilcoxon, p=.02). This difference was reached mainly due to cervical spine patients as median postoperative COMI score was 3.95 (IQR: 2.20–5.32) in the intervention group and 5.1 (IQR: 4.0–8.4) in the control group (Wilcoxon, p=.01). No significant difference was reached for lumbar patients. CONCLUSIONSBetter PROMs scores were obtained for degenerative cervical spine patients to whom the preoperative results were provided. Therefore, providing preoperative scores to patients upon postoperative PROMs fulfilment might influence postoperative results. Further research is necessary to increase the reliability of PROMs in clinical practice.