Abstract

Previously, we reported that Lactobacillus rhamnosus CRL1505 peptidoglycan (PG05) improves the innate immune response in immunocompromised-malnourished mice after Streptococcus pneumoniae infection. This study extends those previous findings by demonstrating that the dietary recovery of malnourished mice with nasal administration of PG05 improves not only the innate immune response but the respiratory and systemic adaptive humoral response as well. PG05 enhanced the Th2 response, the recovery of B cells, and the concentration and opsonophagocytic activity of anti-pneumococcal antibodies. In addition, by performing comparative studies with the peptidoglycans from lactobacilli of the same species (L. rhamnosus CRL534) or with similar immunomodulatory properties (L. plantarum CRL1506), we demonstrated here that PG05 has unique immunomodulatory properties that cannot be extended to peptidoglycans from other probiotic strains. However, the knowledge of the molecular characteristics of PG05 is indispensable to understand immunomodulatory abilities of L. rhamnosus CRL1505.

Highlights

  • Probiotic microorganisms able to regulate the immune system are generally selected from lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains [1]

  • Repletion of malnourished mice with balanced conventional diet (BCD) supplemented with the nasal administration of PG05 allowed the elimination of the pathogen since it was not detected in lung or blood (Table 1)

  • Malnourished mice were replete for 7 days with a balanced conventional diet (BCD) or BCD supplemented with nasal administration of peptidoglycans from Lactobacillus rhamnosus CRL1505 (BCD+PG05), Lactobacillus plantarum CRL1506 (BCD+PG06) or Lactobacillus rhamnosus CRL534 (BCD+PG534), and challenged with S. pneumoniae

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Summary

Introduction

Probiotic microorganisms able to regulate the immune system (immunobiotics) are generally selected from lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains [1]. It is well established that immunobiotics are capable to interact with the host’s immune and non-immune cells, and thereby impact on mucosal and systemic immune responses [2,3,4]. It has been suggested that the final response of the host to an immunobiotic bacteria depends on the combination of the different bacterial molecules that can interact with the several receptors located in hosts cells [4]. Over the last years several molecules from immunobiotic bacteria have been associated to the immunomodulatory effects and their beneficial impact on health including cell wall, peptidoglycan, exopolysaccharides and secreted metabolites [5,6,7].

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