Abstract
Measuring dry matter intake (DMI) in grazing dairy cows using currently available techniques is invasive, time consuming, and expensive. An alternative to directly measuring DMI for use in genetic evaluations is to identify a set of readily available animal features that can be used in a multitrait genetic evaluation for DMI. The objectives of the present study were thus to estimate the genetic correlations between readily available body-related linear type traits and DMI in grazing lactating Holstein-Friesian cows, but importantly also estimate the partial genetic correlations between these linear traits and DMI, after adjusting for differences in genetic merit for body weight. Also of interest was whether the predictive ability derived from the estimated genetic correlations materialized upon validation. After edits, a total of 8,055 test-day records of DMI, body weight, and milk yield from 1,331 Holstein-Friesian cows were available, as were chest width, body depth, and stature from 47,141 first lactation Holstein-Friesian cows. In addition to considering the routinely recorded linear type traits individually, novel composite traits were defined as the product of the linear type traits as an approximation of rumen volume. All linear type traits were moderately heritable, with heritability estimates ranging from 0.27 (standard error = 0.14) to 0.49 (standard error = 0.15); furthermore, all linear type traits were genetically correlated (0.29 to 0.63, standard error 0.14 to 0.12) with DMI. The genetic correlations between the individual linear type traits and DMI, when adjusted for genetic differences in body weight, varied from -0.51 (stature) to 0.48 (chest width). These genetic correlations between DMI and linear type traits suggest linear type traits may be useful predictors of DMI, even when body weight information is available. Nonetheless, estimated genetic merit of DMI derived from a multitrait genetic evaluation of linear type traits did not correlate strongly with actual DMI in a set of validation animals; the benefit was even less if body weight data were also available.
Highlights
Dairy breeding programs have contributed considerably to observed gains in a range of traits, including milk yield and fertility (Berry et al, 2014; Berry et al, 2016; García-Ruiz et al, 2016)
Descriptive statistics and heritability estimates for all traits are presented in Table 1; the heritability, genetic standard deviation, and coefficient of genetic variation of dry matter intake (DMI) itself were 0.19 (SE = 0.036), 0.82 kg, and 0.05, respectively
The heritability estimates for DMI were similar when estimated from the bivariate analyses
Summary
Dairy breeding programs have contributed considerably to observed gains in a range of traits, including milk yield and fertility (Berry et al, 2014; Berry et al, 2016; García-Ruiz et al, 2016). The heritability of feed intake in dairy cows is widely reported to be between 0.07 and 0.44, with documented exploitable genetic differences in feed intake (Veerkamp and Brotherstone, 1997; Berry et al, 2007; Toshniwal et al, 2008). Despite this abundance of genetic variability, the direct inclusion of feed intake and efficiency into dairy breeding goals has been slow. Novel strategies to include feed intake in dairy cow breeding goals should be thoroughly investigated
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