Are smartphone use and nature contact predictive of depression in a UK university population?

Abstract

PurposeThe number of university students exhibiting mental health concerns have surged considerably in the past decade. Amongst a number of potential contributing factors, this study aims to assess the role of a broader societal phenomenon; the shift in emphasis in our interactions from the physical to the virtual environments. Specifically, a decrease in nature contact and a contrasting increase in smartphone use are identified as two pathways in which this shift may impact negatively on mental health. Previous research evidences both facets as consistent correlates of depression, although limited research extends these associations to the student population or attempts to establish an interaction between the two.Design/methodology/approachThe current study recruited a sample of 380 first-year undergraduate students, via an online survey, to assess if problematic smartphone use (SAS-SV) and nature contact (NCQ) were significant predictors of depression (PHQ-9).FindingsNature contact frequency and smartphone use were significant predictors of depression.Originality/valueThis is the first study to concurrently assess the impact of smartphone use and nature contact in a student population.