Are Queer Men Queering Consent? A Scoping Review of Sexual Consent Literature Among Gay, Bisexual, Trans, and Queer Men

Abstract

Objectives To review the literature on Gay, Bisexual, Trans, and Queer (GBTQ) men and sexual consent. Methods Eight electronic databases were searched in June 2022, yielding 1924 articles; 30 were included for review after screening. Results We found a growing body of literature focused on GBTQ men, with an increasingly intersectional lens. Most studies adopted a nuanced definition of sexual consent. Many discussed the unique sexual scripts developed by GBTQ men to communicate consent, especially in sex venues, and how unfamiliarity with these scripts creates vulnerability for newly “out” men. A common theme was the impact of heteromasculine norms on sexual encounters between GBTQ men. Conclusions The reviewed literature problematizes binary definitions of consent and miscommunication theories of assault. It both celebrates and problematizes GBTQ sexual cultures. We encourage future research to adopt more explicitly anti-carceral approaches to studying sexual consent and violence.