Are Performance-Based Functional Assessments Superior to Semistructured Interviews for Enhancing Return-to-Work Outcomes?

Abstract

ObjectiveTo examine whether use of functional capacity evaluation (FCE) leads to better outcomes for injured workers. DesignCluster randomized controlled trial conducted with analysis at level of claimant. SettingRehabilitation facility. ParticipantsParticipants included claimants (N=203); of these, 103 were tested with FCE. Data were collected on all claimants undergoing RTW assessment at the facility for musculoskeletal conditions. Participants were predominantly employed (59%) men (73%) with chronic musculoskeletal conditions (median duration, 496d). InterventionsFCEs are commonly used to identify work abilities and inform return-to-work (RTW) decisions. Therefore, FCE results have important consequences. Clinicians who were trained and experienced in performing FCEs were randomized into 2 groups. One group included 14 clinicians who were trained to conduct a semistructured functional interview; the other group (control group) continued to use standard FCE procedures. Main Outcome MeasuresOutcomes included RTW recommendations after assessment, functional work level at time of assessment and 1, 3, and 6 months after assessment, and compensation outcomes. Analysis included Mann-Whitney U, chi-square, and t tests. ResultsAll outcomes were similar between groups, and no statistically or clinically significant differences were observed. Mean differences between groups on functional work levels at assessment and follow-up ranged from 0.1 to 0.3 out of 4 (3%–8% difference, P>.05). ConclusionsPerformance-based FCEs did not appear to enhance RTW outcomes beyond information gained from semistructured functional interviewing. Use of functional interviewing has the potential to improve efficiency of RTW assessment without compromising clinical, RTW, or compensation outcomes.