Are panoramic radiographs good enough to render correct angle and sector position in palatally displaced canines?

Abstract

The early interceptive treatment of palatally displaced canines (PDCs) has for decades been based on their position in panoramic radiographs. In the 1990s, cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) started to become popular in cases with PDCs. The aims of this prospective study were to evaluate the agreement of PDC sector position and angle to midline between panoramic radiographs and CBCT scans. PDC sector and angle to midline were measured in panoramic radiographs and CBCT scans in 58 consecutive patients with 64 PDCs. Kappa with linear weighting was used to assess the agreement between the measurements of PDC sector position and Bland-Altman limits of agreement to assess the agreement between the PDC angular measurements in the 2 methods. PDC sector position and angle to midline had systematically higher values in panoramic radiographs compared with those in the CBCT scans. The agreement of sector position between the methods was fair: weighted kappa 0.36 (95% CI 0.24-0.49). The mean difference in angle was almost 7° (95% CI 5.9°-7.9°) higher in panoramic radiographs compared with CBCT. Panoramic radiographs overestimate PDC sector and angle to midline position, compared with the use of CBCT scans, but clinically the differences are quite modest. Panoramic radiographs could be considered good enough for rendering PDC position when the need for 3D information is not crucial for treatment planning.