Are non-carious cervical lesions more frequent in sleep bruxism patients?

Jean Soares Miranda,Estevão Tomomitsu Kimpara,Thaís Cachuté Paradella,Alloma De Souza Oliveira,Maria Das Graças Afonso Miranda Chaves,Aline Serrado De Pinho Barcellos

doi:10.14295/bds.2017.v20i4.1445

Abstract

Objective: to verify the frequency in non-carious lesions in patients with and without sleep bruxism and to try to list the occurrence of such lesions in patients with this parafunctional habit. Materials and Methods: 67 patients ranging from 18 to 70 years of age, which all signed a free and consent form were evaluated. Patients with neurological diseases and/or partially or totally edentulous were excluded from the study. Bruxism diagnosis was performed using a validated questionnaire based on the combination of at least two positive confirmations of bruxism. Diagnosis of non-carious cervical lesions (NCCL) was performed by a single calibrated examiner, using #5 clinical probe, intraoral mirror and air flow, analyzing all surfaces of the teeth present in the mouth. The lesions were classified as abfraction, abrasion or erosion. Statistical analysis was performed by U Mann-Whitney test, at 5% level of significance. Results: sixty patients were diagnosed with bruxism (91.3%) and only seven patients (8.7%) did not present this parafuctional habit. Regardless the gender, five patients (10.1%) presented absence of lesions and 62 patients (89.9%) presented some NCCL. 70% presented abfraction, 41% abrasion and no patient presented erosion. Statistical analysis showed a p-value of 0.03, which demonstrated significant statistical difference of NCCL between the groups. Conclusion: a higher frequency of NCCL in patients with bruxism was observed when compared to patients without this parafuction.KeywordsAbfraction; Bruxism; Non-carious cervical lesions.

Highlights

Non-carious cervical lesions (NCCL) are clinical routinely found pathological processes, characterized by the loss of dental structure in the cement-enamel junction, regardless of the bacterial process [1]
Eccentric bruxism, characterized by the habit of grinding teeth during sleep, occurs in 12.8% of adults and 35.3% of children [15]. Due to this impacting prevalence of bruxism in the population and data that this activity may be related to NCCL [7,12], the purpose of this study was to verify the frequency of NCCL in bruxism patients evaluated in the Service of Diagnosis and Guidance of Temporomandibular Joint Disorders (TMJ Service) from the Dentistry College, Juiz de Fora University, Minas Gerais (UFJF - MG), Brazil, to establish the relationship between those two events
To verify the difference in the frequency of the presentation of NCCL, the number of the teeth presenting any type of lesion was added to the number of the patients

Summary

Introduction

Non-carious cervical lesions (NCCL) are clinical routinely found pathological processes, characterized by the loss of dental structure in the cement-enamel junction, regardless of the bacterial process [1]. Abfraction is the pathological loss of mineralized tooth structure due to biomechanical forces, which cause dental flexion and, enamel and dentin fatigue, in a distant location regarding occlusal loading [8,9]. It has been suggested that, the initiative factor has not yet been established, stress is responsible for abfraction lesions, making the system more susceptible to the formation of other secondary lesions [5,8,11]. Such stress is allegedly related to parafunctional habits such as centric and eccentric bruxism [5,7,12]

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