Abstract
In recent years there has been a great deal of research within the stem cell field which has led to the definition and classification of a range of stem cells from a plethora of tissues and organs. Stem cells, by classification, are considered to be pluri- or multipotent and have both self-renewal and multi-differentiation capabilities. Presently there is a great deal of interest in stem cells isolated from both embryonic and adult tissues in the hope they hold the therapeutic key to restoring or treating damaged cells in a number of central nervous system (CNS) disorders. In this review we will discuss the role of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) isolated from human olfactory mucosa, with particular emphasis on their potential role as a candidate for transplant mediated repair in the CNS. Since nestin expression defines the entire population of olfactory mucosal derived MSCs, we will compare these cells to a population of neural crest derived nestin positive population of bone marrow-MSCs.
Highlights
Friedenstein was the first to identify that single cell suspensions of bone marrow (BM) stroma could generate colonies of adherent fibroblast-like cells in vitro (Friedenstein et al, 1968)
We demonstrated that the OM-mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) adhered to plastic, expressed classical markers and differentiated into bone and fat lineages in a similar manner to BMMSCs
2010; Lindsay et al, 2013 Delorme et al, 2010; Lindsay et al, 2013; Wetzig et al, 2013 Delorme et al, 2010; Lindsay et al, 2013; Wetzig et al, 2013 Di Trapani et al, 2013; Rui et al, 2016 Lindsay et al, 2013; Lindsay et al, 2016 subtypes of MSCs that make up the BM niche have been mainly identified from rodent studies, and it is yet not known if similar cells exist in the human BM; several recent reports have shown that the human BM niche contains nestin-positive MSCs (Crisan et al, 2008; Matsuoka et al, 2015; Pacini and Petrini, 2014; Schajnovitz et al, 2011)
Summary
Friedenstein was the first to identify that single cell suspensions of bone marrow (BM) stroma could generate colonies of adherent fibroblast-like cells in vitro (Friedenstein et al, 1968) These colonyforming unit fibroblasts (CFU-Fs) were found to be capable of osteogenic differentiation and provided the first evidence that clonogenic stem cell precursors existed of the bone lineage (Friedenstein et al, 1968, 1970). Later these stromal cells were classified as stem cells, since single cells could transdifferentiate into multi-lineage cells of bone and osteogenic tissue (Friedenstein, 1980). In this review the abbreviation MSC is referred to as mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs)
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