Abstract
s / Drug and Alcohol Dependence 156 (2015) e102–e182 e141 and fewerpercent days smoking (8% fewer,p 16 yrs). This study investigated differential effects of age of smokingonset on response impulsivity and inhibitory control using a novel smoking Go/NoGo task (Luijten et al., 2011). Methods: Adult EOS (n=6) and LOS (n=10) in acute nicotine withdrawal and adult non-smokers (NS;n=10) were shown Smoking or Non-Smoking images with either a blue (Go) or yellow (NoGo) frame. Participants were instructed to respond to blueframed Go trials quickly and accurately, and withhold responding for yellow-framed NoGo trials. Each Smoking and Non-Smoking image was shown 3 times as a Go stimulus and once as a NoGo stimulus. Results: EOS and LOS exhibited more Go errors (p<0.01) and a greater false alarm rate (p<0.01) than NS. EOS and LOS showed loweroverallGo responseaccuracy (p<0.01), andEOSalsoexhibited lower Smoking Go accuracy (p<0.03), than NS. EOS and LOS exhibited lower Smoking NoGo accuracy (p<0.02), and LOS also showed lower Non-Smoking NoGo accuracy (p<0.02), than NS. Smoking Go accuracy and Non-Smoking NoGo accuracy were each correlated with age of smoking onset (p<0.01) and daily cigarettes smoked (p<0.02). Conclusions: EOShaddifficulty responding accurately to Smoking Go stimuli, suggesting that these distracting images disrupted attention to task demands. In contrast, LOS had difficultywithholding responses to both Smoking and NonSmoking NoGo stimuli, indicating greater impulsivity and deficits in inhibitory control, regardless of category. Collectively, preliminary findings suggest age of smoking onset differentially impacts task-related attention and response inhibition, thus individualized cognitive approaches may improveexecutive function in smokers in treatmentprograms. Financial support: K01DA034028 (YM). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.07.386 Risks associated with nonmedical prescription opioid use: Transition to heroin use and drug injection, overdose and hepatitis C Pedro Mateu-Gelabert, Honoria Guarino, Lauren Jessell, Cassandra Syckes, Samuel R. Friedman Institute for Infectious Disease Research, National Development and Research Institutes, Inc, New York,
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