Are Hindfoot Procedures More Painful than Forefoot Procedures? A Prospective Observational Study in Elective Foot and Ankle Surgery

Abstract

Pain after lower limb orthopedic surgery can be severe. Poorly controlled pain is associated with adverse outcomes. Peripheral nerve blocks (PNB) have become popular in foot and ankle surgery for their effective pain control and low complication rates. It has always been assumed that hindfoot procedures are more painful than midfoot/forefoot procedures often requiring inpatient stay for pain relief. There are no published studies evaluating this assumption. To investigate whether hindfoot procedures are more painful than forefoot/midfoot procedures by measuring pain scores, assessing effectiveness of PNBs and patient satisfaction. One hundred forty patients undergoing elective foot and ankle surgery were prospectively studied. Inclusion criteria: Adults undergoing elective foot and ankle surgery. Exclusion criteria: Patients 16 years or under, those with alternate sources of pain, peripheral neuropathy, known substance abuse, psychiatric illness and incomplete pain scores. Pain was measured via the Visual Analog Scale at 3 time intervals: immediately, 6 hours and at 24 hours postoperatively. Analysis was via t-test. A p value of <.05 demonstrated a statistical significance. Forefoot/midfoot versus hindfoot surgery pain scores showed that there was no significant difference at any postoperative interval. PNB versus no PNB pain scores showed there was no significant difference, except at 24 hours postoperatively (p value .024). Patients who had a PNB experienced rebound pain at 24 hours. Hindfoot surgery is not more painful than forefoot/midfoot surgery. Patients who had a PNB experienced rebound pain at 24 hours postoperatively, a finding that requires further research.