Are glyphosate and fipronil a threat to bees? Integrative literature review

Abstract

Beekeeping has been growing and developing over the years. There are many products that can be explored with this activity, in addition to bringing great benefits to their producers and consumers. Apis mellifera L. bees carry out an extremely important activity for the productivity of many agricultural crops, which is the cross-pollination of vegetables. When bees visit crops in search of resources for their colony and, consequently, promoting pollination, they can come into contact with pesticides that are applied to crops to control pests, diseases and weeds. However, such pesticides can be harmful to bees, causing serious harm to the individual and the colony. Many of the pesticides are neurotoxic and have different modes of action, and have recently been identified as responsible for the decline in bee populations. Thus, this work carried out a bibliographical survey on the impact that the pesticides glyphosate and fipronil used in soybean cultivation affect bees in different aspects.