Abstract

Ensuring the effectiveness of the franchise system relies on establishing an optimal contractual relationship between the franchisor and the franchisee, which can be achieved through an optimal franchise fee structure. Previous theoretical models have emphasized the franchisors’ role in determining the franchise fee; however, empirical evidence has yielded inconclusive results, due to overlooking industry heterogeneity and using inadequate measures of franchisors’ effort. This study aims to empirically validate the relationship between franchisors’ efforts and franchise fees, specifically focusing on the restaurant industry based on its unique characteristics, including a relatively low average royalty rate and high financial risks. The study’s findings suggest that, unlike other industries, restaurant franchisors actively offer operational and financial support to increase the gross royalty rate. The motivation behind this support may be the insufficiency of ongoing fees in the restaurant industry to generate profits and the relatively high financial risk faced by restaurant franchisees.

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