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Abstract
Epidermal stem cells are a population of somatic stem cells responsible for maintaining and repairing the epidermis of the skin. A malfunctioning epidermal stem cell compartment results in loss of the epidermis and death of the whole organism. Since the epidermis continually renews itself by sloughing a layer of cells every day, it is in a constant state of cellular turnover and requires continual cell replacement for life. Thus, maintaining a pristine epidermal stem cell population is of prime importance, even during aging. Unlike stem cells from internal tissues, epidermal stem cells show little response to aging. They do not appear to decrease in number or functionality with age, and do not show changes in gene expression, developmental responsiveness, or age-associated increases of reactive oxygen species. Thus, epidermal stem cells may be a unique somatic stem cell.
Highlights
Epidermal stem cells are a population of somatic stem cells responsible for maintaining and repairing the epidermis of the skin
Perhaps epidermal stem cells are unique among somatic stem cells because no matter how old the skin is, the epidermis must continually replace itself with correctly functioning cells in order to protect the organism from the outside world [9]
Ninety-six percent of the epidermal stem cells from both age groups remain in G1 of the cell cycle, whereas only 4% of the cells are cycling in S-G2/M at any given time [17]
Summary
Epidermal stem cells are a population of somatic stem cells responsible for maintaining and repairing the epidermis of the skin. Evidence from intestinal and hematopoietic stem cells suggest that both may happen: the number of stem cells decreases and their function changes with increasing age [2,3,4,5]. These adult stem cells show no loss in numbers, no changes in gene expression or cellular function, and no changes in telomere length with respect to age [6,7,8].
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