Are emergency department visits really a teachable moment? Smoking cessation promotion in emergency department

Abstract

To compare the effectiveness of smoking cessation counseling in the emergency department (ED) versus in outpatient clinics (OCs) setting. Over a 3-month period, smokers and recent quitters presenting to ED or OCs were questioned about their smoking habits and desire to quit. They also completed the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) questionnaire and Prochaska's stages of change (PSC) survey. Standardized 5 min counseling session was carried out, and stop smoking pamphlet and phone number of the hospital's smoking cessation unit were given. One month after initial counseling, patients were telephoned, FTND, PSC, desire to quit, and daily cigarette consumption were asked. Data from those unable to be contacted within 6 weeks were excluded from analysis. Of the 392 patients (197 ED, 195 OC) counseled initially, 340 (87%) were reached for telephone follow-up. Counseling was effective in both groups: FTND and PSC scores had improved, and daily cigarette consumption decreased significantly (17.17-12.49 cigs/day; P=0.000). Smokers counseled in the ED were found more inclined to stop smoking compared with smokers who counseled in OCs, after 1 month of the intervention (95% confidence interval=14.7-7.5%; P=0.051). Only one patient (0.6%) from the ED and 10 (6.6%) from the OC attended the smoking cessation program. ED-based counseling for smoking cessation was as effective as that performed in the OC setting. Referral of smokers from the ED to a smoking cessation program was unsuccessful in our patient population.