Abstract
A previous work of Schwartz and Rubel-Lifschitz (2009, https://doi.org/10.1037/a0015546) highlighted the association between human values and gender equality. However, gender equality is not a monolith. Indeed, it is a multidimensional phenomenon. We started from this multidimensionality to understand how the relative importance of human values varies through the different dimensions of Gender Equality Index (GEI)—namely work, money, knowledge, time, power, and health. We have designed a cross-national study based on secondary data analysis from international databases (i.e., European Social Survey [ESS] and GEI). Through the Bayesian correlational analysis of 18 European countries, findings revealed that 1) universalism, benevolence and self-direction are strongly and positively correlated to gender equality; 2) security, power and achievement are strongly and negatively correlated to equality while 3) conformity, tradition, stimulation, and hedonism have weak/non-significant correlation coefficients with gender equality. Relevance to cultural values and ideologies that support social equality are discussed. Furthermore, we find that some values are related to certain specific gender equality dimensions. Our results provide a more fine-grained analysis compared to previous findings, by outlining a more complex scenario.
Highlights
Gender equality is associated with relative importance that people attribute to basic human values (Schwartz & Rubel-Lifschitz, 2009)
Using archival data (Study 1) and a sample of students (Study 2) Schwartz and Rubel-Lifschitz (2009) tested the effects of gender equality on the overall importance of the 10 values for women and men (Hypotheses 1 and 2) and effects of gender equality on the size of sex differences in the importance of values (Hypothesis 3–6). According to both Study 1 and Study 2, greater gender equality within countries was associated with the importance of values of benevolence, universalism, self-direction, stimulation and hedonism, while in countries with less gender equality greater importance was given to power, achievement, security, conformity and tradition values
It was discovered that the preference for some values had a divergent effect for the two sexes based on the gender inequality of the country: Women gave more importance to values of benevolence and universalism more than men did, whereas men valued power, achievement, and stimulation more than women
Summary
Our aim is to understand which values deviate from the pattern identified by Schwartz and Rubel-Lifschitz (2009) when it comes to gender inequality in. The aim of the current work was to investigate the relationships between multiple dimensions of gender inequality and human values
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