Abstract
Objective: To examine the validity of using cadaveric spines of deer or boars for biomechanical experiments as substitutes for the cadaveric spine of humans. Materials and Methods: Five specimens of the L3-4 functional spinal unit of human cadavers, mature deer and mature boars were prepared according to 3 models: 1) normal model, 2) injured model and 3) pedicle screw fixation model and they were evaluated in 8-direction bending and 2-direction rotation tests. The mean ROM in bending and rotation tests of each specimen and the rate of relative change of ROM were calculated. Results: Flexibility of cadaveric spine of deer and boars was slightly higher than that of cadaveric spine of humans in the bending and rotation tests, but the rates of relative change of ROM in the rotational and bending tests were similar across species. Conclusions: It is reasonable to use cadaveric spines of deer and boars as a model of the human cadaveric spine in biomechanical experiments.
Highlights
There have been many biomechanical studies of spinal decompression, fusion and spinal instrumentation [1,2,3]
We compared the biomechanical properties of the lumbar vertebrae obtained from deer, boars and human cadavers to examine the validity of using cadaveric spines of deer or boars for biomechanical experiments as a substitute for the cadaveric spine of humans
A search of the existing literature that we conducted in Pubmed with the following key words: biomechanical study, spine, spinal instrumentation, animal, and in vitro, identified 173 studies conducted between 1983 and 2013: 51 human, 41 bovine, 26 porcine, 14 sheep, 12 goats, 5 canine, 3 baboon, 4 other animals and 17 finite element methods
Summary
There have been many biomechanical studies of spinal decompression, fusion and spinal instrumentation [1,2,3] These studies should be performed employing a human cadaveric spine, but in many countries or institutions human cadaveric specimens cannot be obtained. There are very few reports comparing the biomechanical properties of the spines of deer and boars to those of humans [9,10,11,12]. We compared the biomechanical properties of the lumbar vertebrae obtained from deer, boars and human cadavers to examine the validity of using cadaveric spines of deer or boars for biomechanical experiments as a substitute for the cadaveric spine of humans
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