Are Chemokines IL-8 (CXCL8) and MCP-1 (Monocyte Chemoatractant 1) Cooperating to Enhance Inflammation in Children with Sickle Cell Disease Living in Sub-Saharan area?

Abstract

1. Introduction ickle cell disease is a genetic disease very prevalent in the world and particularly in Sub-Saharan African countries. The prevalence ranges from 20% and 30%. In some African countries, it can reach 45% [1]. The number of newborns affected by this genetic disease is estimated at 240,000 per year or 0.3 to 25 per 1000 live births with fifty to seventy five percentages who do not reach the age of five [2–4]. In Côte d’Ivoire, country located in west Africa, the SCD prevalence rate is 12% [5]. As such, SCD is one of the greatest public health treat of all time and represent a public health problem. This disease makes patients more vulnerable to infections with high mortality, organs damage, and chronic anemia among children [6]. A better comprehension of the disease physiopathology in general will help to develop therapeutic approach to improve the management of the patients. There is an ongoing regular inflammatory status due to high levels of cytokines [7]. In this course, chemokines CXL and CCL also have been identified participating in this inflammatory process, particularly Interleukin-8 (IL8 or CXCL-8) and Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1, (MCP-1or CCL2). These two chemokines have been identified as having a chemotactic activity for neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages and lymphocytes [8]. Detection of inflammatory cytokines in the during non-crisis periods could be a guide for medical to improve management of SCD patients. This study strives to observe whether chemokines IL-8 and MCP-1 can be used to predict morbidity or mortality in SCD children.