Abstract
Our aim was to determine if the musculoskeletal benefits of a twice-weekly, school-based, jumping regime in healthy adolescent boys and girls were maintained three years later. Subjects of the original POWER PE trial (n = 99) were contacted and asked to undergo retesting three years after cessation of the intervention. All original measures were completed including: sitting height, standing height, weight, calcaneal broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA), whole body, hip and spine bone mineral content (BMC), lean tissue mass, and fat mass. Physical activity was recorded with the bone-specific physical activity questionnaire (BPAQ) and calcium intake was estimated with a calcium-focussed food questionnaire. Maturity was determined by Tanner staging and estimation of the age of peak height velocity (PHV). Twenty-nine adolescents aged 17.3±0.4 years agreed to participate. Three years after the intervention, there were no differences in subject characteristics between control and intervention groups (p>0.05). Three-year change in weight, lean mass, and fat mass were similar between groups (p>0.05). There were no significant group differences in three-year change in BUA or BMC at any site (p>0.05), although the between-group difference in femoral neck BMC at follow-up exceeded the least significant change. While significant group differences were not observed three years after cessation of the intervention, changes in bone parameters occurred in parallel for intervention and control groups such that the original benefits of the intervention observed within the treatment group were sustained.
Highlights
It is well recognised that efforts to prevent osteoporosis are likely to be more successful and economical than attempting to manage and rehabilitate fragility fractures
There were no significant differences in baseline anthropometrics, bone measures, or lifestyle characteristics between the original cohort and the 29 participants tested at 44 months
It is commonly espoused that osteogenic exercise in youth is a logical strategy to prevent osteoporotic fracture in old age
Summary
It is well recognised that efforts to prevent osteoporosis are likely to be more successful and economical than attempting to manage and rehabilitate fragility fractures. The Preventing Osteoporosis With Exercise Regimes in Physical Education (POWER PE) trial was an 8-month in-school jumping intervention for adolescent boys and girls (mean age 13.8 years). Participants in the intervention group performed a regime of jumping activities for 10 minutes at the start of each physical education (PE) class, twice per week for the course of a school year. Controls undertook their usual low intensity PE warm-up. Boys increased whole body bone mineral content (BMC) and calcaneal broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA), and girls improved BMC at the femoral neck and spine [8]. Favourable changes in body composition were observed [9]
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