Are andropause symptoms related to depression?

Abstract

Andropause is a middle-age condition in which men experience changes in their physical, spiritual and emotional health. The association between andropause and psychological symptoms such as depression are not very clear yet. The objective of this study was therefore to determine the association between the 'Aging Males Symptoms Scale' (AMS) and depression. A cross sectional study was conducted among 521 old men. To collect data, the AMS and the Patient Health Questionnaires 2 and 9 were used to screen depression, in addition to questions on background and fertility. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to assess the association between andropause symptoms and depression. Based on our results and the AMS score, 51.5% of the study population had clinical symptoms of androgen disorder, 3.7% of which had severe symptoms. There was a strong correlation between the AMS score and depression. Depression, diabetes, cigarette smoking and spousal age retained their significant associations even after entering the relevant demographic, anthropometric, smoking and disease variables in the multivariable model. As a positive predictive factor, depression had the strongest association with AMS. Based on our results, there is a direct association between andropause symptoms and depression, where the increasing AMS score corresponds with the severity of depression. Our results show the need of screening for depression when evaluating andropause symptoms.